Project: RSpec Rails 4.0

Publisher: RSpec

Upgrade

Upgrading from rspec-rails-2.x to rspec-rails-3

For detailed information on the general RSpec 3.x upgrade process see the RSpec Upgrade docs.

There are several changes specific to rspec-rails to be aware of:

Default helper files created in RSpec 3.x have changed
File-type inference disabled by default
Rails 4.x ActiveRecord::Migration pending migration checks
Extraction of stub_model and mock_model to rspec-activemodel-mocks

Default helper files created in RSpec 3.x have changed

In prior versions, only a single spec_helper.rb file was generated. This file
has been moved to rails_helper.rb. The new spec_helper.rb is the same
standard helper generated by running rspec --init.

This change was made to accomplish two general goals:

Keep the installation process in sync with regular RSpec changes
Provide an out-of-the-box way to avoid loading Rails for those specs that do
not require it

Generators

Generators run in RSpec 3.x will require rails_helper and not spec_helper.

Upgrading an Existing App

For most existing apps, one of the following upgrade paths is sufficient to
switch to the new helpers:

I need to move things over in stages

Create a new rails_helper.rb with the following content:
```
require 'spec_helper'
```
As necessary, replace require 'spec_helper' with require 'rails_helper'
in the specs.
When ready, move any Rails specific code and setup from spec_helper.rb to
rails_helper.rb.

I'm ready to just switch completely

Move the existing spec_helper.rb to rails_helper.rb:

git mv spec/spec_helper.rb spec/rails_helper.rb

Run the installation rake task opting to not replace rails_helper.rb:

$ bin/rails generate rspec:install
      create  .rspec
       exist  spec
      create  spec/spec_helper.rb
    conflict  spec/rails_helper.rb
Overwrite my_app/spec/rails_helper.rb? (enter "h"for help) [Ynaqdh] n
        skip  spec/rails_helper.rb

Move any non-Rails RSpec configurations and customizations from your
rails_helper.rb to spec_helper.rb.
Find/replace instances of require 'spec_helper' with
require 'rails_helper' in any specs which rely on Rails.

File-type inference disabled by default

Previously we automatically inferred spec type from a file location, this
was a surprising behaviour for new users and undesirable for some veteran users
so from RSpec 3 onwards this behaviour must be explicitly opted into with:

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
end

This change was made to accomplish our general goals of acting with the principle
of least surprise and making RSpec configuration more explicit. See the directory structure documentation for more details.

Rails 4.x `ActiveRecord::Migration` pending migration checks

If you are not using ActiveRecord you do not need to worry about these
settings.

Users of Rails 4.x can now take advantage of improved schema migration and sync
abilities. Prior to RSpec 3, users were required to manually run migrations in
both the development and test environments. Additionally, the behavior differed
depending on if the specs were run via rake or via the standalone rspec
command.

With the release of Rails 4, new APIs have been exposed on
ActiveRecord::Migration. This allows RSpec to take advantage of these new
standard migration checks, mirroring behavior across the board.

Rails 4.0.x

Add the following to the top of the rails_helper file after Rails has
been required:
```
ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!
```
This will raise an exception if there are any pending schema changes. Users
will still be required to manually keep the development and test
environments in sync.
Rails 4.1+

With this release there was an exciting new feature. Users no longer need
to keep the development and test environments in sync. To take advantage of
this add the following to the top of the rails_helper file after Rails
has been required:
```
ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!
```
What this does is that rather than just raising when the test schema has
pending migrations, Rails will try to load the schema. An exception will
now only be raised if there are pending migrations afterwards the schema
has been loaded.

There are a few caveates to be aware of when using this:
- Migrations still need to be run manually; although now this only has to be done in the 'development' environment
- An exception will be raised If the schema has not been initialized. The exception will provide instructions stating rake db:migrate needs to be run.

It is possible to opt-out of checking for pending migrations. Since this is
actually a feature of Rails, the change needs to be done as part of the Rails
configuration. To do this, add the following to your
config/environments/test.rb file:

config.active_record.maintain_test_schema = false

New RSpec projects don't need to worry about these commands as the rails generate rspec:install will add them automatically.

Extraction of `stub_model` and `mock_model` to `rspec-activemodel-mocks`

Historically, stub_model and mock_model have been difficult to maintain.
They are tightly coupled to ActiveRecord which isn't always the ORM of choice.
This maintainence coupling has lead to delays with previous releases.
Additionally, the objects generated by these methods hide important
ActiveRecord behavior complexity which would otherwise be good to expose.

Some alternatives are:

Wrap calls to ActiveRecord objects in more specific domain models and services
Use new unsaved ActiveRecord instances (e.g. Model.new)
Consider partial mocks on an ActiveRecord instance
Let the specs hit database directly where appropriate

Topics

From rspec-rails-1.x to rspec-rails-2

Last published 8 days ago by Jon Rowe.