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Project: RSpec Core 3.0

Publisher: RSpec

shared examples

Shared examples let you describe behaviour of types or modules. When declared,
a shared group's content is stored. It is only realized in the context of
another example group, which provides any context the shared group needs to
run.

A shared group is included in another group using any of:

include_examples "name"      # include the examples in the current context
it_behaves_like "name"       # include the examples in a nested context
it_should_behave_like "name" # include the examples in a nested context
matching metadata            # include the examples in the current context

WARNING: Files containing shared groups must be loaded before the files that
use them. While there are conventions to handle this, RSpec does not do
anything special (like autoload). Doing so would require a strict naming
convention for files that would break existing suites.

Conventions:

  1. The simplest approach is to require files with shared examples explicitly
    from the files that use them. Keep in mind that RSpec adds the spec
    directory to the LOAD_PATH, so you can say require
    'shared_examples_for_widgets'     to require a file at
    #{PROJECT_ROOT}/spec/shared_examples_for_widgets.rb.

  2. Put files containing shared examples in spec/support/ and require files
    in that directory from spec/spec_helper.rb:

    Dir["./spec/support/**/*.rb"].sort.each { |f| require f}

    This is included in the generated spec/spec_helper.rb file in
    rspec-rails

  3. When all of the groups that include the shared group, just declare the
    shared group in the same file.

Scenarios
  1. Shared examples group included in two groups in one file
  2. Providing context to a shared group using a block
  3. Passing parameters to a shared example group
  4. Aliasing `it_should_behave_like` to `it_has_behavior`
  5. Sharing metadata automatically includes shared example groups
  6. Shared examples are nestable by context
  7. Shared examples are accessible from offspring contexts
  8. Shared examples are isolated per context
Shared examples group included in two groups in one file
Given
a file named "collection_spec.rb" with: 
require "set"

RSpec.shared_examples "a collection" do
  let(:collection) { described_class.new([7, 2, 4]) }

  context "initialized with 3 items" do
    it "says it has three items" do
      expect(collection.size).to eq(3)
    end
  end

  describe "#include?" do
    context "with an an item that is in the collection" do
      it "returns true" do
        expect(collection.include?(7)).to be_truthy
      end
    end

    context "with an an item that is not in the collection" do
      it "returns false" do
        expect(collection.include?(9)).to be_falsey
      end
    end
  end
end

RSpec.describe Array do
  it_behaves_like "a collection"
end

RSpec.describe Set do
  it_behaves_like "a collection"
end
When
I run rspec collection_spec.rb --format documentation
Then
the examples should all pass
And
the output should contain: 
Array
  behaves like a collection
    initialized with 3 items
      says it has three items
    #include?
      with an an item that is in the collection
        returns true
      with an an item that is not in the collection
        returns false

Set
  behaves like a collection
    initialized with 3 items
      says it has three items
    #include?
      with an an item that is in the collection
        returns true
      with an an item that is not in the collection
        returns false
Providing context to a shared group using a block
Given
a file named "shared_example_group_spec.rb" with: 
require "set"

RSpec.shared_examples "a collection object" do
  describe "<<" do
    it "adds objects to the end of the collection" do
      collection << 1
      collection << 2
      expect(collection.to_a).to match_array([1, 2])
    end
  end
end

RSpec.describe Array do
  it_behaves_like "a collection object" do
    let(:collection) { Array.new }
  end
end

RSpec.describe Set do
  it_behaves_like "a collection object" do
    let(:collection) { Set.new }
  end
end
When
I run rspec shared_example_group_spec.rb --format documentation
Then
the examples should all pass
And
the output should contain: 
Array
  behaves like a collection object
    <<
      adds objects to the end of the collection

Set
  behaves like a collection object
    <<
      adds objects to the end of the collection
Passing parameters to a shared example group
Given
a file named "shared_example_group_params_spec.rb" with: 
RSpec.shared_examples "a measurable object" do |measurement, measurement_methods|
  measurement_methods.each do |measurement_method|
    it "should return #{measurement} from ##{measurement_method}" do
      expect(subject.send(measurement_method)).to eq(measurement)
    end
  end
end

RSpec.describe Array, "with 3 items" do
  subject { [1, 2, 3] }
  it_should_behave_like "a measurable object", 3, [:size, :length]
end

RSpec.describe String, "of 6 characters" do
  subject { "FooBar" }
  it_should_behave_like "a measurable object", 6, [:size, :length]
end
When
I run rspec shared_example_group_params_spec.rb --format documentation
Then
the examples should all pass
And
the output should contain: 
Array with 3 items
  it should behave like a measurable object
    should return 3 from #size
    should return 3 from #length

String of 6 characters
  it should behave like a measurable object
    should return 6 from #size
    should return 6 from #length
Aliasing `it_should_behave_like` to `it_has_behavior`
Given
a file named "shared_example_group_spec.rb" with: 
RSpec.configure do |c|
  c.alias_it_should_behave_like_to :it_has_behavior, 'has behavior:'
end

RSpec.shared_examples 'sortability' do
  it 'responds to <=>' do
    expect(sortable).to respond_to(:<=>)
  end
end

RSpec.describe String do
  it_has_behavior 'sortability' do
    let(:sortable) { 'sample string' }
  end
end
When
I run rspec shared_example_group_spec.rb --format documentation
Then
the examples should all pass
And
the output should contain: 
String
  has behavior: sortability
    responds to <=>
Sharing metadata automatically includes shared example groups
Given
a file named "shared_example_metadata_spec.rb" with: 
RSpec.shared_examples "shared stuff", :a => :b do
  it 'runs wherever the metadata is shared' do
  end
end

RSpec.describe String, :a => :b do
end
When
I run rspec shared_example_metadata_spec.rb
Then
the output should contain: 
1 example, 0 failures
Shared examples are nestable by context
Given
a file named "context_specific_examples_spec.rb" with: 
RSpec.describe "shared examples" do
  context "per context" do

    shared_examples "shared examples are nestable" do
      specify { expect(true).to eq true }
    end

    it_behaves_like "shared examples are nestable"
  end
end
When
I run rspec context_specific_examples_spec.rb
Then
the output should contain: 
1 example, 0 failures
Shared examples are accessible from offspring contexts
Given
a file named "context_specific_examples_spec.rb" with: 
RSpec.describe "shared examples" do
  shared_examples "shared examples are nestable" do
    specify { expect(true).to eq true }
  end

  context "per context" do
    it_behaves_like "shared examples are nestable"
  end
end
When
I run rspec context_specific_examples_spec.rb
Then
the output should contain: 
1 example, 0 failures
And
the output should not contain: 
Accessing shared_examples defined across contexts is deprecated
Shared examples are isolated per context
Given
a file named "isolated_shared_examples_spec.rb" with: 
RSpec.describe "shared examples" do
  context do
    shared_examples "shared examples are isolated" do
      specify { expect(true).to eq true }
    end
  end

  context do
    it_behaves_like "shared examples are isolated"
  end
end
When
I run rspec isolated_shared_examples_spec.rb
Then
the output should contain: 
Could not find shared examples \"shared examples are isolated\"

Last published over 5 years ago by myronmarston.